The work shows the fundamental elements of an inclusive educational guidance conception of substantive university processes and results achieved at the Instituto Superior Politécnico José Antonio Echeverría of Havana in the contribution from optical course to develop it for the students in first and second year of the engineering programs, by means of lectures on holography and three-dimensional images of motivation and link with different specialties and the development of experimental facilities and methodology for the construction of holograms and anaglyph by students for engineering applications.
Pulmonary surfactant is a very important product in the medical treatment of the syndrome of insufficiency respiratory in neonates. The synthesis of this surfactant in labs need to optimize the rate of spreading in the alveolar interstitial liquid obtaining a monolayer of the phospholipids membrane base capable to maintains several of the dynamical properties of the respiratory system during breathing. The recover of theses mechanical properties has to be archived using the minimal quantities of product and with the optimal proteins composition (SP-B in special). In this paper we show our results of obtaining and process speckle pattern images of the spreading of phospholipids membrane composed the matrix of this product (DPPC) when physiologic interstitial liquid are presented.
Undoubtedly the most important result of the investigations in physiology and biophysics was the discovery of the electrochemical mechanism of propagation of the action potential in nerves that was made by Hodgkin and Huxley during the first half of the past century. Since some decades ago diverse experiments about the electro optical properties of the axon membrane there was published using the most diverse optical experimental procedures6-10. In this paper some results of a dynamical speckle technique applied for obtaining microscopic images of a section of a squid giant axon membrane during the activation by electrical impulses and his digital process are presented.
KEYWORDS: Brain, 3D image processing, Neuroimaging, Angiography, 3D displays, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical imaging, Image visualization, Visualization, Magnetic resonance angiography
The magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can be used to examine blood vessels in key
areas of the body, including the brain. In the MRA, a powerful magnetic field, radio waves
and a computer produce the detailed images. Physicians use the procedure in brain
images mainly to detect atherosclerosis disease in the carotid artery of the neck, which
may limit blood flow to the brain and cause a stroke and identify a small aneurysm or
arteriovenous malformation inside the brain.
Multi-autostereoscopic displays provide multiple views of the same scene, rather than just
two, as in autostereoscopic systems. Each view is visible from a different range of positions
in front of the display. This allows the viewer to move left-right in front of the display and
see the correct view from any position.
The use of 3D imaging in the medical field has proven to be a benefit to doctors when
diagnosing patients. For different medical domains a stereoscopic display could be
advantageous in terms of a better spatial understanding of anatomical structures, better
perception of ambiguous anatomical structures, better performance of tasks that require
high level of dexterity, increased learning performance, and improved communication with
patients or between doctors.
In this work we describe a multi-autostereoscopic system and how to produce 3D MRA
images to be displayed with it. We show results of brain MR angiography images
discussing, how a 3D visualization can help physicians to a better diagnosis.
In this work we describe a setup employed for the recording of vertical dispersive
holographic screens that can be used for medical applications. We show how to obtain
holographic screens with areas up to 1200 cm2, focal length of 25±2 cm and diffraction
efficiency of 7.2%. We analyze the technique employed and the holographic screens
obtained. Using this screen we describe a setup for the projection of Magnetic
Resonance or Tomographic Images. We also describe and present the first results of an
autostereoscopic system for 3D medical imaging.
The introduction of new materials in Mechanical Engineering is one of the main tasks of scientists and engineers. At present new technologies that allow the study, characterization and measurement of important mechanical states in new materials are being developed continuously. These techniques include the Optical Techniques of Measurement that use laser as an important tool in the information processing and interpretation. These techniques also involve the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI). The present investigation shows the development and implementation of ESPI technique in the study and characterization of composite tube junction. The technical characteristics related to this technique implementation are included in this paper. The strain field caused by different applied actions is also presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of this technique are shown and they are compared to other traditional and optical measurement techniques.
The introduction of new materials in Mechanical Engineering is one of the main tasks of scientists and engineers. At present new technologies that allow the study, characterization and measurement of important mechanical states in new materials are being developed continuously. These techniques include the Optical Techniques of Measurement that use laser as an important tool in the information processing and interpretation. These techniques also involve the Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI). The present investigation shows the development and implementation of ESPI technique in the study and characterization of composite tube junction. The technical characteristics related to this technique implementation are included in this paper. The strain field caused by different applied actions is also presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of this technique are shown and they are compared to other traditional and optical measurement techniques.
The measurement of processes varying on time is becoming necessary in Science and Technology. At present there is a variety of measurement optical techniques. These techniques involve the technical moire that allows the measurements of forms and changes with certain degree of precision. This investigation present the ideas and preliminary measurements in the introduction of the measurement of vibrating systems, using an automated shadow moire system. The advantages and disadvantages of using this technique are presented, as well as a comparison with the holographic interferometry and the ESPI. The searching of useful and low cost tools is evaluated for the measurement of dynamic processes in different branches of engineering such as construction, transportation, mechanical industry, etc.
For several decades measurement optical techniques have been used in different branches of Science and Technology and in medicine. One of these techniques is the so-called Moire topography that allows the accurate measurement of different parts of the human body topography. This investigation presents the measurement of topographies of teeth and gums using an automated system of shadow moire, with which precision can be reached up to the order of the microns by the phase shift instrumentation in an original way. Advantages and disadvantages of using the Moire topography and its comparison with other techniques used in the optical metrology are presented. Also, some positive and negative aspects of the implementation of this technique are shown in dentistry.
The pedagogical implementation of new optical contents inclusion in the curricula of Technical Sciences University Courses is presented in this paper. The application of updated pedagogical trends enables the development of a pedagogical system in the Optics teaching that contributes to the achievement of a qualitatively higher teaching- learning process.
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