Previously we developed a single-shot quantitative x-ray imaging (SSQI) method to perform material decomposition in x-ray imaging by combining the use of a primary modulator (PM) and dual-layer (DL) detector, where the PM removes scatter from DL images while the DL provides dual energy (DE) images for material decomposition (MD), which further removes beam hardening resulting from the partially attenuated regions of the PM. We have demonstrated the concept of SSQI using simulation and further tested its efficacy on chest phantom studies performed on our tabletop system.