PDF ISBN: 9780819478320 | Print ISBN: 9781510643703
DESCRIPTION
Since publication of the first edition of this text in 1998, there have been several new, important developments in the theory of beam wave propagation through a random medium, which have been incorporated into this second edition. Also new to this edition are models for the scintillation index under moderate-to-strong irradiance fluctuations; models for aperture averaging based on ABCD ray matrices; beam wander and its effects on scintillation; theory of partial coherence of the source; models of rough targets for ladar applications; phase fluctuations; analysis of other beam shapes; plus expanded analysis of free-space optical communication systems and imaging systems.
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2.3.1 Autocorrelation and autocovariance functions
2.3.2 Structure functions
2.3.3 Basic properties
2.4 Time Averages and Ergodicity
2.5 Power Spectral Density Functions
2.5.1 Riemann-Stieltjes integral
2.6 Random Fields
2.6.1 Spatial covariance function
2.6.2 One-dimensional spatial power spectrum
2.6.3 Three-dimensional spatial power spectrum
2.6.4 Structure function
2.7 Summary and Discussion
2.8 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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3.3 Power Spectrum Models for Refractive-Index Fluctuations
3.3.1 Kolmogorov spectrum
3.3.2 Tatarskii, von Ka´rma´n, and exponential spectrums
3.3.3 Modified atmospheric spectrum
3.3.4 Variation of Cn 2 with propagation distance
3.4 Atmospheric Temporal Statistics
3.5 Summary and Discussion
3.6 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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4.8.1 Paraxial approximation for ABCD optical systems
4.8.2 Generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral
4.9 Single Element Optical System
4.9.1 Gaussian lens
4.9.2 Image plane
4.9.3 Gaussian mirror
4.10 Summary and Discussion
4.11 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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6.3.1 Mean irradiance and turbulence-induced beam spreading
6.3.2 MCF for plane wave and spherical wave
6.3.3 MCF for a Gaussian-beam wave
6.4 Spatial Coherence Radius
6.4.1 Plane wave
6.4.2 Spherical wave
6.4.3 Gaussian-beam wave
6.5 Angle-of-Arrival Fluctuations
6.6 Beam Wander
6.6.1 A general model
6.6.2 Special cases
6.6.3 Short-term beam spreading
6.7 Angular and Temporal Frequency Spectra
6.8 Slant Paths
6.8.1 Mean irradiance
6.8.2 Spatial coherence
6.8.3 Beam wander
6.9 Summary and Discussion
6.10 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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7.3.1 Second-order moments of the complex phase perturbation
7.3.2 Gaussian-beam parameters
7.3.3 Mean irradiance and beam spread
7.3.4 Mutual coherence function
7.4 Method of Effective Beam Parameters
7.4.1 Spatial coherence radius
7.4.2 Beam wander
7.5 Summary and Discussion
7.6 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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9.6 Scintillation Theory: Gaussian-Beam Wave Model
9.6.1 Radial component
9.6.2 Zero inner scale model
9.6.3 Inner scale and outer scale effects
9.6.4 Comparison with simulation results
9.7 Covariance Function of Irradiance
9.7.1 Plane wave model
9.7.2 Spherical wave model
9.8 Temporal Spectrum of Irradiance
9.9 Distribution Models for the Irradiance
9.9.1 K distribution models
9.9.2 Lognormal-Rician distribution
9.10 Gamma-Gamma Distribution
9.10.1 Plane wave simulation results
9.10.2 Spherical wave simulation results
9.11 Summary and Discussion
9.12 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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10.4 Optical Systems with Several Optical Elements
10.4.1 Two optical elements
10.5 Summary and Discussion
10.6 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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11.2.1 Threshold detection in the absence of turbulence
11.2.2 Frequency of fades and surges
11.3 Fade Statistics—Part I
11.3.1 Probability of fade
11.3.2 Expected number of fades
11.3.3 Mean fade time
11.4 Fade Statistics—Part II
11.4.1 Mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
11.4.2 False-alarm rate and fade probability
11.4.3 Bit error-rate (BER) performance
11.5 Spatial Diversity Receivers
11.5.1 Aperture averaging using array receivers
11.5.2 Bit error-rate (BER) performance
11.6 Summary and Discussion
11.7 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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13.7.4 Covariance and scintillation index: weak fluctuations
13.7.5 Scintillation index: strong fluctuations
13.8 Diffuse Target
13.8.1 Mean irradiance and BSAE
13.8.2 Spatial coherence
13.8.3 Scintillation index—Part I
13.8.4 Scintillation index—Part II
13.9 Summary and Discussion
13.10 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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14.2.1 Impulse response and coherent transfer function
14.3 Incoherent Imaging Systems
14.3.1 Point spread function and modulation transfer function
14.3.2 Fried’s parameter and long-term resolution
14.3.3 Short-term modulation transfer function
14.3.4 Isoplanatism and the Greenwood time constant
14.3.5 Strehl ratio
14.4 Laser Imaging Radar
14.4.1 MTF of return wave from an unresolved small target
14.4.2 Single pixel scintillation index of return wave
14.4.3 Single pixel signal-to-noise ratio
14.5 Zernike Polynomials
14.5.1 Application in optics
14.5.2 Atmospheric effects on imaging systems
14.5.3 Aperture filter functions
14.5.4 Piston and tilt removed phase variance
14.6 Summary and Discussion
14.7 Worked Examples
Problems
References
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18.3.1 Mean irradiance and temporal pulse broadening
18.3.2 Pulse arrival time
18.4 Four-Frequency Cross-Coherence Function
18.4.1 Temporal scintillation index
18.5 Summary and Discussion
Problems
References
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