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While solid-state upconversion systems promise applications in solar cells, photoredox catalysis, and bioimaging; most require tremendous optical power to achieve maximum upconversion efficiency. In this work, we lower this required optical power by using the concentrated electric field of surface plasmons generated from an organic light emitting diode. Excitons formed within the diode launch surface plasmons into a metallic cathode. On the opposite side of this cathode, those surface plasmons excite the triplet sensitizer of an upconversion film with a skin depth of only tens of nanometers. We find that the power required to reach half of the maximum upconversion efficiency is lowered by over one order of magnitude compared to conventional laser excitation and is crossed at a diode current density of only 1 mA/cm2. These mild conditions may allow for more practical applications of solid-state upconversion systems.
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Jesse A. Wisch, Kelvin A. Green, Amélie C. Lemay, Yiling Q. Li, Tersoo Upaa Jr., Barry P. Rand, "Ultralow threshold triplet fusion upconversion enabled by surface plasmon field enhancement," Proc. SPIE PC13013, Organic Electronics and Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices IV, PC130130Y (19 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3021433