For pulse lengths between 1 and 60 ps, laser-induced modifications of optical materials undergo a transition from mechanisms intrinsic to the materials to defect-dominated mechanisms. Elucidating the location, size, and identity of these defects will greatly help efforts to reduce, mitigate, or eliminate these defects. We discuss our work that detailed the role of defects in the ps laser-modifications of SiO2 and HfO2 1/2-wave coatings. For HfO2 coatings, we included a study of environmental effects on the damage process. We found that the response of defects very near the surface are dependent on the environment, leading to worse damage in vacuum than in air. One or more constituents of air, most likely oxygen and/or water, suppress or lessen the effects of these defects during laser exposure. We discuss the implications of these findings for defect-driven laser-induced damage for ps to ns laser pulses and for mechanisms for laser-induced damage initiation.
|