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In order to fabricate gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, bulk crystals of the highest structural quality have to be grown. Today, three GaN crystallization methods are mainly applied for this purpose: Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE), sodium-flux, and ammonothermal. This work will cover basic ammonothermal and HVPE crystallization of bulk GaN. Properties of crystals and substrates will be shown. Limiting factors as well as recent progress in the two approaches will be presented.
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Malgorzata Iwinska, Tomasz Sochacki, Robert Kucharski, Michal Bockowski, "Recent progress in bulk GaN crystal growth technology," Proc. SPIE PC12421, Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XVIII, (21 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649109