3D printing by two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables a straightforward solution to fabricate highly complex structures with a resolution down to sub-100 nm cost-effectively, which is why the technique has recently emerged as an up-and-coming manufacturing approach in photonics, optics, mechanics, and biomedicine.
This work describes, therefore, recent studies using 3D printing by 2PP in the research area mentioned. In this context, novel 3D designs, postprocessing methods, and photoresists will be presented to tailor the optical or mechanical properties of printed structures and photoresists. Combined with recent optimizations of the 2PP process, 3D printing at the micro- and nanoscale paves the way to develop real-world products in the future, such as biomedical implants or novel devices using free-form optics and metamaterials.
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