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Facial masks are assumed to provide protection against aerosols and droplets but can leak due to poor fit which reduces the effectiveness against transmission of Covid19. A theoretical model was developed to predict the leakage around facial mask and the results were compared to leakage measurements using thermal imaging on various facial mask types. All tested masks showed leakage of exhaled air along the gaps at the rim of the mask due to the high resistance of the mask filter material. The experimental data was relatively in good agreement with the theoretical ‘simplified’ model. Common types of facial masks are not effective in filtering aerosols but do block droplets.
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Rudolf M. Verdaasdonk, Jelle Room, Frans de Jongh, "Evaluation of the air leakage around facial masks in view of effective aerosol protection using thermal imaging and modeling," Proc. SPIE PC12370, Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies XVI, PC1237009 (6 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2649899