Coil design considerations for a high-frequency electromagnetic induction sensing instrument

John Brevard Sigman; Benjamin E. Barrowes; Yinlin Wang; Hollis J. Bennett; Janet E. Simms; Donald E. Yule; Kevin O'Neill; Fridon Shubitidze

doi:10.1117/12.2223988

17 May 2016 Coil design considerations for a high-frequency electromagnetic induction sensing instrument

John Brevard Sigman, Benjamin E. Barrowes, Yinlin Wang, Hollis J. Bennett, Janet E. Simms, Donald E. Yule, Kevin O'Neill, Fridon Shubitidze

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9823, Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XXI; 982302 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223988
Event: SPIE Defense + Security, 2016, Baltimore, MD, United States

Abstract

Intermediate electrical conductivity (IEC) materials (10¹S/m < σ < 10⁴S/m), such as carbon fiber (CF), have recently been used to make smart bombs. In addition, homemade improvised explosive devices (IED) can be produced with low conducting materials (10^-4S/m < σ < 1S/m), such as Ammonium Nitrate (AN). To collect unexploded ordnance (UXO) from military training ranges and thwart deadly IEDs, the US military has urgent need for technology capable of detection and identification of subsurface IEC objects. Recent analytical and numerical studies have showed that these targets exhibit characteristic quadrature response peaks at high induction frequencies (100kHz − 15MHz, the High Frequency Electromagnetic Induction (HFEMI) band), and they are not detectable with traditional ultra wideband (UWB) electromagnetic induction (EMI) metal detectors operating between 100Hz − 100kHz. Using the HFEMI band for induction sensing is not so simple as driving existing instruments at higher frequencies, though. At low frequency, EMI systems use more wire turns in transmit and receive coils to boost signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), but at higher frequencies, the transmitter current has non-uniform distribution along the coil length. These non-uniform currents change the spatial distribution of the primary magnetic field and disturb axial symmetry and thwart established approaches for inferring subsurface metallic object properties. This paper discusses engineering tradeoffs for sensing with a broader band of frequencies ever used for EMI sensing, with particular focus on coil geometries.

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John Brevard Sigman, Benjamin E. Barrowes, Yinlin Wang, Hollis J. Bennett, Janet E. Simms, Donald E. Yule, Kevin O'Neill, and Fridon Shubitidze "Coil design considerations for a high-frequency electromagnetic induction sensing instrument", Proc. SPIE 9823, Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XXI, 982302 (17 May 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223988

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