Thinking beyond the block: block matching for copy-move forgery detection revisited

Matthias Kirchner; Pascal Schoettle; Christian Riess

doi:10.1117/12.2082789

4 March 2015 Thinking beyond the block: block matching for copy-move forgery detection revisited

Matthias Kirchner, Pascal Schoettle, Christian Riess

Proceedings Volume 9409, Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2015; 940903 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082789
Event: SPIE/IS&T Electronic Imaging, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Detection of copy{move forgeries is one of the most actively researched topics in image forensics. It has been shown that so-called block-based methods give the highest pixel-wise accuracy for detecting copy{move forgeries. However, matching of block-based features can be computationally extremely demanding. Hence, the current predominant line of thought is that block-based algorithms are too slow to be applicable in practice. In this paper, we revisit the matching stage of block-based copy{move forgery detection methods. We propose an efficient approach for finding duplicate patterns of a given size in integer-valued input data. By design, we focus on the spatial relation of potentially duplicated elements. This allows us to locate copy{move forgeries via bit-wise operations, without expensive block comparisons in the feature space. Experimental investigation of different matching strategies shows that the proposed method has its benefits. However, on a broader scale, our experiments demonstrate that the performance of matching by lexicographic sorting might have been underestimated in previous work, despite its remarkable speed benefit on large images. In fact, in a practical setting, where accuracy and computational efficiency have to be balanced, lexicographic sorting may be considered the method of choice.

Citation Download Citation

Matthias Kirchner, Pascal Schoettle, and Christian Riess "Thinking beyond the block: block matching for copy-move forgery detection revisited", Proc. SPIE 9409, Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2015, 940903 (4 March 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082789

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available