Structure in defocused beams of x-ray mirrors: causes and possible solutions

John P. Sutter; Simon G. Alcock; Fiona Rust; Hongchang Wang; Kawal Sawhney

doi:10.1117/12.2061941

5 September 2014 Structure in defocused beams of x-ray mirrors: causes and possible solutions

John P. Sutter, Simon G. Alcock, Fiona Rust, Hongchang Wang, Kawal Sawhney

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Proceedings Volume 9208, Adaptive X-Ray Optics III; 92080G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061941
Event: SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, 2014, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

Grazing incidence mirrors are now a standard optic for focusing X-ray beams. Both bimorph and mechanically bendable mirrors are widely used at Diamond Light Source because they permit a wide choice of focal lengths. They can also be deliberately set out of focus to enlarge the X-ray beam, and indeed many beamline teams now wish to generate uniform beam spots of variable size. However, progress has been slowed by the appearance of fine structure in these defocused beams. Measurements showing the relationship between the medium-frequency polishing error and this structure over a variety of beam sizes will be presented. A theoretical model for the simulations of defocused beams from general mirrors will then be developed. Not only the figure error and its first derivative the slope error, but also the second derivative, the curvature error, must be considered. In conclusion, possible ways to reduce the defocused beam structure by varying the actuators' configuration and settings will be discussed.

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John P. Sutter, Simon G. Alcock, Fiona Rust, Hongchang Wang, and Kawal Sawhney "Structure in defocused beams of x-ray mirrors: causes and possible solutions", Proc. SPIE 9208, Adaptive X-Ray Optics III, 92080G (5 September 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061941

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KEYWORDS

Mirrors

Electrodes

X-rays

Polishing

Sensors

Diamond

Geometrical optics

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