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A new type of optical modulator has been developed, and has proved to be particularly well suited to the task of projection display. The device uses electrocapillarity (an electrochemical surface tension effect) to switch small mercury mirrors on and off. These mirror elements have the high optical efficiency required for projection light valves; they have thresholding and memory, are amenable to matrix address, and can be switched with small voltages. An 8 x 8 array has been built and operated.
Michael Lea
"Electrocapillarity Modulators And Large Screen Projection Displays", Proc. SPIE 0684, Liquid Crystals and Spatial Light Modulator Materials, (19 December 1986); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.936478
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Michael Lea, "Electrocapillarity Modulators And Large Screen Projection Displays," Proc. SPIE 0684, Liquid Crystals and Spatial Light Modulator Materials, (19 December 1986); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.936478