A reflective Gaussian coronagraph for ExAO: laboratory performance

Ryeojin Park; Laird M. Close; Nick Siegler; Eric L. Nielsen; Thomas Stalcup

doi:10.1117/12.670802

28 June 2006 A reflective Gaussian coronagraph for ExAO: laboratory performance

Ryeojin Park, Laird M. Close, Nick Siegler, Eric L. Nielsen, Thomas Stalcup

Proceedings Volume 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II; 62724V (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670802
Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2006, Orlando, Florida , United States

Abstract

We report laboratory results of a coronagraphic testbed to assess the intensity reduction differences between a "Gaussian" tapered focal plane coronagraphic mask and a classical hard-edged "Top Hat" function mask at Extreme Adaptive Optics (ExAO) Strehl ratios of ~94%. However, unlike a traditional coronagraph design, we insert a reflective focal plane mask at 45^o to the optical axis and used a "spot of Arago blocker" (axicon stop) before a final image in order to block additional mask edge-diffracted light. The testbed simulates the optical train of ground-based telescopes (in particular the 8.1m Gemini North telescope) and includes one spider vane and different mask radii (r= 1.9λ/D, 3.7λ/D, 7.4λ/D) and two types of reflective focal plane masks (hard-edged "Top Hat" and "Gaussian" tapered profiles). In order to investigate the performance of these competing coronagraphic designs with regard to extra-solar planet detection sensitivity, we utilize the simulation of realistic extra-solar planet populations (Nielsen et al. 2006). With an appropriate translation of our laboratory results to expected telescope performance, a "Gaussian" tapered mask radius of 3.7λ/D with an axicon stop performs best (highest planet detection sensitivity). For a full survey with this optimal design, the simulation predicts ~30% more planets detected compared to a similar sized "Top Hat" function mask with an axicon stop. Using the best design, the "point contrast ratio" between the stellar PSF peak and the coronagraphic PSF at 10λ/D (0.4" in H band if D = 8.1m) is 1.4 x 10⁶. This is ~10 times higher than a classical Lyot "Top Hat" coronagraph.

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Ryeojin Park, Laird M. Close, Nick Siegler, Eric L. Nielsen, and Thomas Stalcup "A reflective Gaussian coronagraph for ExAO: laboratory performance", Proc. SPIE 6272, Advances in Adaptive Optics II, 62724V (28 June 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670802

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KEYWORDS

Coronagraphy

Axicons

Planets

Telescopes

Point spread functions

Reflectivity

Device simulation

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