Fast-response variable-focusing micromirror array lens

James G. Boyd IV; Gyoungil Cho

doi:10.1117/12.483577

22 July 2003 Fast-response variable focusing micromirror array lens

James G. Boyd IV, Gyoungil Cho

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5055, Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Smart Electronics, MEMS, BioMEMS, and Nanotechnology; (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483577
Event: Smart Structures and Materials, 2003, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

A reflective type Fresnel lens using an array of micromirrors is designed and fabricated using the MUMPs® surface micromachining process. The focal length of the lens can be rapidly changed by controlling both the rotation and translation of electrostatically actuated micromirrors. The rotation converges rays and the translation adjusts the optical path length difference of the rays to be integer multiples of the wavelength. The suspension spring, pedestal and electrodes are located under the mirror to maximize the optical efficiency. Relations are provided for the fill-factor and the numerical aperture as functions of the lens diameter, the mirror size, and the tolerances specified by the MUMPs® design rules. The fabricated lens is 1.8mm in diameter, and each micromirror is approximately 100mm x 100mm. The lens fill-factor is 83.7%, the numerical aperture is 0.018 for a wavelength of 632.8nm, and the resolution is approximately 22mm, whereas the resolution of a perfect aberration-free lens is 21.4μm for a NA of 0.018. The focal length ranges from 11.3mm to infinity. The simulated Strehl ratio, which is the ratio of the point spread function maximum intensity to the theoretical diffraction-limited PSF maximum intensity, is 31.2%. A mechanical analysis was performed using the finite element code IDEAS. The combined maximum rotation and translation produces a maximum stress of 301MPa, below the yield strength of polysilicon, 1.21 to 1.65GPa. Potential applications include adaptive microscope lenses for scanning particle imaging velocimetry and a visually aided micro-assembly.

Citation Download Citation

James G. Boyd IV and Gyoungil Cho "Fast-response variable focusing micromirror array lens", Proc. SPIE 5055, Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Smart Electronics, MEMS, BioMEMS, and Nanotechnology, (22 July 2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483577

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