Detection of insect damage in almonds

Soowon Kim; Thomas F. Schatzki

doi:10.1117/12.336872

14 January 1999 Detection of insect damage in almonds

Soowon Kim, Thomas F. Schatzki

Proceedings Volume 3543, Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336872
Event: Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), 1998, Boston, MA, United States

Abstract

Pinhole insect damage in natural almonds is very difficult to detect on-line. Further, evidence exists relating insect damage to aflatoxin contamination. Hence, for quality and health reasons, methods to detect and remove such damaged nuts are of great importance in this study, we explored the possibility of using x-ray imaging to detect pinhole damage in almonds by insects. X-ray film images of about 2000 almonds and x-ray linescan images of only 522 pinhole damaged almonds were obtained. The pinhole damaged region appeared slightly darker than non-damaged region in x-ray negative images. A machine recognition algorithm was developed to detect these darker regions. The algorithm used the first order and the second order information to identify the damaged region. To reduce the possibility of false positive results due to germ region in high resolution images, germ detection and removal routines were also included. With film images, the algorithm showed approximately an 81 percent correct recognition ratio with only 1 percent false positives whereas line scan images correctly recognized 65 percent of pinholes with about 9 percent false positives. The algorithms was very fast and efficient requiring only minimal computation time. If implemented on line, theoretical throughput of this recognition system would be 66 nuts/second.

Citation Download Citation

Soowon Kim and Thomas F. Schatzki "Detection of insect damage in almonds", Proc. SPIE 3543, Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality, (14 January 1999); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336872

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