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Throughout the paper, the concept of the planar 1D lay-out of kxk-switches and the concept of its compact double- layer/multi-layer counterpart will be presented and experimental results analyzed for k equals 4. The paper presents the construction and treats of the working principles of switching system that can operate with minimum number of stages. A reduction of the number of stages is obtained due to combination of the electro-optic (EO) polymer films on the isotropic substrate. The optical switches are collected in one optical layer and each layer composes of at most two 2 by 2 switches simultaneously active. Poly film doped with azo dye and para-nitro- aniline/polyvinyl alcohol were used for the EO films preparation. Thereby switching is applied horizontally and vertically. The scheme of such a 4 by 4 switch in double- layer technique has been presented.
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Igor G. Voitenko, Konstantin P. Gritsenko, Eugene M. Tolstopyatov, "Integrated optic device based on nonlinear organic films," Proc. SPIE 3417, Photopolymer Device Physics, Chemistry, and Applications IV, (25 September 1998); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.323501