The magnification of an image is affected by the power and shape factors of the lens. Positive power lenses increase angular magnification, while negative power lenses decrease it. Factors like lens surface and thickness also playa role. In bi-focal glass lenses, these factors interact, adding uncertainty to magnification. To optimize ophthalmic bi-focal glass lenses, we used power and shape factors to calculate magnification. We combined the Taguchi method with fuzzy inference for optimization. The LS9 orthogonal table simplified experimental design, ensuring reliable data. This approach yielded bi-focal glass lenses with optimized magnification, culminating in an optimal design model.
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