Optical metasurfaces with two-photon lithography: design considerations for beam steering applications

George Perrakis; Maria Kafesaki; Odysseas Tsilipakos

doi:10.1117/12.3017370

17 June 2024 Optical metasurfaces with two-photon lithography: design considerations for beam steering applications

George Perrakis, Maria Kafesaki, Odysseas Tsilipakos

Proceedings Volume 13023, Computational Optics 2024; 1302307 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017370
Event: SPIE Optical Systems Design, 2024, Strasbourg, France

Abstract

Electromagnetic metasurfaces have shown immense potential for wave control in diverse frequency regimes ranging from radio frequencies to the visible. In visible frequencies, materials with low loss and the ability to tightly confine light (high-index dielectrics, plasmonic metals) become limited. Optical metasurfaces are additionally challenging from a practical point of view, since they require nanofabrication techniques with high resolution and precision. Here, we consider polymer-based optical metasurfaces to be fabricated with two-photon lithography, which is a fast, scalable and cost-effective nanofabrication technique. We focus on a beam steering scenario, which is the archetypical example of wavefront manipulation functionalities. The proposed design operates in transmission and the principle of operation is based on phase accumulation within short vertical waveguide segments. We start from idealized, perfectly-cylindrical meta-atom shapes, which are typically studied in the literature, and proceed to conical shapes which exhibit increased mechanical stability and smooth half-ellipsoid-like structures that are compatible with the voxels of the laser writing process. We show that the adopted realistic meta-atom shapes lead to only a small deterioration of the steering performance and by employing numerical optimization we are able to recover the performance obtained with the idealized meta-atom shapes. Our work aspires to enable high-performance, practical optical metasurfaces taking fabrication limitations and particularities thoroughly into account.

Conference Presentation

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

George Perrakis, Maria Kafesaki, and Odysseas Tsilipakos "Optical metasurfaces with two-photon lithography: design considerations for beam steering applications", Proc. SPIE 13023, Computational Optics 2024, 1302307 (17 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3017370

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