Detecting and mapping underground utilities remains a problem in the United States. Poor and outdated utility maps can lead to difficulty locating buried infrastructure. Aging and poorly maintained utility infrastructure can leak or fail, endangering public safety and the environment. Many geophysical sensing techniques have been used to locate and map buried infrastructure, including: acoustic methods, ground penetrating radar, passive magnetic fields, and low frequency electromagnetic fields – each with its own advantages and pitfalls. Our previous work has focused on exciting linear currents on PEC thin wires using 100-1000 kHz electric fields and observing the secondary magnetic field response of these wires. This paper extends that work and investigates the wideband electromagnetic signature of pipes in the ground. The effects of pipe material and inhomogeneity are examined by using the Method of Moments (MoM) and the Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS). The surface-impedance boundary condition (SIBC) is used to account for the finite conductivity of the pipe.
|