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New experiments with THz QCLs reveal the harmonic frequency comb regime, in which isolated modes are separated by several free spectral ranges and the optical spectrum does not have a reflection symmetry. Here we study the mechanism of the harmonic frequency combs. Our calculations show that the harmonic comb is favored if the QCL contains two lower laser states, with different but comparable strength of the optical transitions. The asymmetry between the two optical transitions can be linked to a linewidth enhancement factor. Our work can be extended to mid-IR QCLs with an asymmetric gain spectrum.
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Yongrui Wang, Andres Forrer, Giacomo Scalari, Alexey Belyanin, "Generation of harmonic frequency combs in quantum cascade lasers with two lower laser states," Proc. SPIE 11705, Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XX, 117050Z (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583651