Gold nanoparticles for tumor detection with proton radiography: optimizing sensitivity and determining detection limits

Rachel B. Sidebottom; Ethan F. Aulwes; Matthew S. Freeman; Per E. Magnelind; Frank E. Merrill; Achraf Noureddine; Reed Selwyn; Rita Serda; Dale Tupa; Yirong Yang; Michelle Espy

doi:10.1117/12.2582598

5 March 2021 Gold nanoparticles for tumor detection with proton radiography: optimizing sensitivity and determining detection limits

Rachel B. Sidebottom, Ethan F. Aulwes, Matthew S. Freeman, Per E. Magnelind, Frank E. Merrill, Achraf Noureddine, Reed Selwyn, Rita Serda, Dale Tupa, Yirong Yang, Michelle Espy

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 11659, Colloidal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications XVI; 1165905 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582598
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2021, Online Only

Abstract

Proton radiography is a promising imaging technique that can be used to improve the treatment plan quality for proton therapy, by providing accurate estimates of proton stopping power. While a proton radiograph has accurate information about proton stopping power, it also has an inherently low tissue contrast for diagnostic purposes, as compared to X-ray imaging. The nature of energetic, massive protons as a radiographic probe is that they require a high-Z tracer to provide sufficient proton scatter in order to delineate target structures. Gold nanoparticles could be that ideal tracer due to a Z = 79, and their biocompatibility. Here the detection thresholds for gold-nanoparticle targeted tumors are evaluated using instantaneous, 800-MeV proton radiography, at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Data is compared against MRI data in pre-clinical mouse models with 4T1 tumors directly injected with gold nanoparticle solution. The proton radiography system is then optimized using novel collimation schemes, including a dark field proton radiographic setup, that aimed to increase sensitivity and reduce dose. Results evaluated here are extrapolated to 211-MeV proton radiographic energy, to compare against expectations at clinical treatment energies. At that lower energy, proton radiography is more sensitive to the multiple Coulomb scattering introduced by a high-Z tracer.

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Rachel B. Sidebottom, Ethan F. Aulwes, Matthew S. Freeman, Per E. Magnelind, Frank E. Merrill, Achraf Noureddine, Reed Selwyn, Rita Serda, Dale Tupa, Yirong Yang, and Michelle Espy "Gold nanoparticles for tumor detection with proton radiography: optimizing sensitivity and determining detection limits", Proc. SPIE 11659, Colloidal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications XVI, 1165905 (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582598

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