The generation of localized temperature gradients is accompanied by new fundamental physics and also provides new tools for the control of molecules, particles or more complex matter in solution. We describe experiments, which use metal nano- and microstructures as optically pumped heat sources. Heat flowing from these structures along solid/liquid interfaces sets liquids into motion. With the help of such thermo-osmotic creep flows, we can trap particles and single molecules suspended in liquids without body forces but with forces balances. Also, the compression of macro-molecules becomes accessible. The inhomogeneous temperature, however, also modifies the Brownian dynamics. We report applications in the field polymer physics and protein aggregation, where such trapping techniques provide a unique new insight. We address the dynamics of heated colloids in optical tweezers with nanosecond time resolution and picometer spatial resolution to understand thermal non-equilibrium effects.
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