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Graphene has exceptional nonlinear terahertz (THz) properties demonstrated by a strong THz absorption bleaching and a highly efficient frequency multiplication. This nonlinearity is attributed to the collective thermodynamic response of the background electron population of graphene to the exciting THz field, resulting in a temporal modulation (suppression) of the graphene conductivity (bleaching) and consequently leading to re-emission from graphene at higher-order harmonics. The revealed nonlinear coefficients of graphene are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than those of other solids. These findings pave the way for potential graphene-based technological applications including electronics and optoelectronics operating at THz rates.
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