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Photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) is a promising technology for noninvasive temperature sensing. However, traditional PA thermometry can measure only the temperature changes relative to a baseline. Here we report a new thermal-energy-memory-based PA thermometry (TEMPT) to quantify the Grüneisen parameter and recover the absolute temperature distribution in deep tissues. We have validated the feasibility of TEMPT on tissue-mimicking phantoms and achieved a measurement accuracy of ~0.5 °C at 1.5 cm depth. As proof-of-concept, we applied TEMPT for temperature mapping during focused ultrasound treatment in mice in vivo. TEMPT is expected to find applications in thermotherapy on small animal models.
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