The results of experimental studies carried out in the White, Barents and Kara Seas during the 66th voyage of the research ship "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" from July 11 to August 22, 2016 are considered, including the definitions of: 1) the VLF-LF-MF-HF fields of radio stations and natural radio interference at the air-sea interface; 2) the fields of the control-correcting station (CCS) of the GLONASS system; 3) spatio-temporal variations in the electrical conductivity of sea and fresh water; 4) radiometeorological characteristics of the above-water atmosphere. In the Ob Bay and the Yenisei Bay, the formation of a layered-gradient structure of "fresh water on salt water" was revealed, whose surface impedance in the VLF-LF-MF ranges belongs to the strongly inductive type. It is shown that above such structures a surface electromagnetic wave (SEW) appears.
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