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Aerodynamic heating is one of important factors affecting hypersonic aircraft design. The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) has evolved years into a powerful numerical technique for the computation of complex, non-equilibrium gas flows. In atmospheric target, non-equilibrium conditions occur at high altitude and in regions of flow fields with small length scales. In this paper, the theoretical basis of the DSMC technique is discussed. In addition, the methods used in DSMC are described for simulation of high temperature, real gas effects and gas-surface interactions. Combined with the solution of heat transfer in material, heat-flux distribution and temperature distribution of the different shape structures was calculated in rarefied conditions.
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