Paper
3 March 2017 Frequency domain non-contact photoacoustic microscopy
Deepu George, Harriet Lloyd, Ronald H. Silverman, Parag V. Chitnis
Author Affiliations +
Abstract
We present a non-contact “frequency domain photoacoustic microscope” (Fd-PAM) in which photoacoustic signal is generated by an amplitude modulated continuous-wave (CW) laser and detected at the sample surface using two wave mixing (interferometer) in a photorefractive crystal (PRC). The optical detection eliminates the need for a coupling medium, thus making the probe contactless and mitigates loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resulting from attenuation associated with wave propagation from the sample to the sensor. The single frequency excitation enables the use of extremely narrow band detection techniques like a lock-in amplifier for noise suppression. Our approach also can image multi-layered specimen and directly produce an image that is equivalent to the maximum-intensity projection of the 3D image volume.
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Deepu George, Harriet Lloyd, Ronald H. Silverman, and Parag V. Chitnis "Frequency domain non-contact photoacoustic microscopy ", Proc. SPIE 10064, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2017, 1006443 (3 March 2017); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2253665
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KEYWORDS
Photoacoustic spectroscopy

Signal to noise ratio

Crystals

Modulation

Continuous wave operation

Imaging systems

Beam splitters

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