A novel projection display, based on a new phenomenon of voltage-induced color-selective absorption with surface plasmons, are able to generate bright image on a large screen with high efficiency. In addition, neither color filters nor phosphors are needed to generate the color. With the incident beam of +/- 7 degree(s) half cone angle, the color purity of this device can be as good as the CRT displays, and the contrast ratio can reach over 200:1. System analysis shows, for a color sequential single panel 1.8' surface plasmon projector, the luminous efficiency can reach 3 Lumens/Watt.

A high-gain, wide-viewing-angle optical diffuser without hot spots is presented. Such type of optical diffuser has potential applications in front and rear projection screens, LED display illumination, LCD backlights, beam homogenizer, etc. By shaping the diffused light pattern to be elliptical, high-gain is achieved by narrowing and thus enhancing 1D intensity distribution while the other dimension satisfies the wide-viewing-angle requirement. Optical diffuser can be implemented by illuminating a ground glass and recording the speckle pattern on a photoresist plate. Shaping the diffuser light pattern of resultant optical diffuser can be conveniently controlled by shaping the illuminating light pattern on ground glass. However the diffuser must be optimized such that hot spots can be totally eliminated. For surface relief optical diffusers, surface-roughness is the major factor affecting elimination of hot spots and, hence, efficiency of optical diffuser. Suitable exposure and development conditions for controlling surface roughness are investigated. After this recording process, a nickel plate is electro-formed from the photoresist plate. Under our design conditions, the nickel plate is measured to be with viewing-angle of 100 degree(s) horizontal X 40 degree(s) vertical (full angular width of 1/10 maximum) and gain of 5.24 (relative to 3M's wall screen). Hot spots are totally suppressed. Such plate can be used as master in industrial embossing processes for mass production. Controllability and simplicity in design and manufacture would make such optical diffuser very attractive for display screen as well as other applications mentioned above.

We have investigated the electrooptical characteristics and viewing-angle properties of liquid crystal (LC) display devices referred as the electrically induced hybrid twisted nematic (EHTN) LC display devices, in which LC molecular orientation effects in inhomogeneous electric fields induced by grating electrode structures are utilized. The properties of EHTN display devices are studied in a measurement setup with an actual backlight unit as a light source. We have demonstrated that these devices have high contrast ratios, wide and symmetrical viewing-angle properties, specially in the direction perpendicular to the grating direction. Since there are diffraction effects from the gratings of periodic LC molecular orientations, we discuss the influence of the diffraction effects on viewing-angle properties by evaluating two kinds of EHTN LC cells fabricated by Al metal thin film (obscure) and ITO (transparent) grating electrode structures, show the possibility of realizing good viewing- angle properties by appropriate grating structures.

In this paper, a measurement procedure is introduced for characterizing a projection display. The procedure is applied to measure a liquid crystal projection TV. The test results such as light output, uniformity, contrast, chromaticity specification and resolution are shown diagrammatically. Some comparisons are also made with other measurement procedures.

This paper reviews the basic operation principles of diode and triode field emission displays and discuss that how the display performance parameters varies as a function of the device characteristics, such as pixel capacitance, phosphor efficiency and cathode uniformity, and how these device parameters can be optimized to make better field emission display.

We study the arrangement of liquid crystal (LC) director near the LC-substrate interface of a surface stabilized liquid crystal cell during the smectic A to smectic C phase transition. We find that if the director has a pretilt at the interface, there exists strain in smectic layers near the interface and the director tends to tilt away from the easy axis produced by rubbing. These two effects can lead to a smectic layer structural transformation in the smectic C phase that has been termed the C1 to C2 transition for surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals, and we find that C1 and C2 respond differently to an external electric field.

Head-up display is gaining increasing access in automotive vehicles for indication and position/navigation purposes. An optical combiner, which allows the driver to receive image information from outside and inside of the automobile, is the essential part of this display device. Two multilayer thin film combiner coating systems with distinctive polarization selectivity and broad band spectral neutrality are discussed. One of the coating systems was designed to be located at the lower portion of the windshield. The coating reduced the exterior glare by approximately 45% and provided about 70% average see-through transmittance in addition to the interior information display. The other coating system was designed to be integrated with the sunshield located at the upper portion of the windshield. The coating reflected the interior information display while reducing direct sunlight penetration to 25%. Color fidelity for both interior and exterior images were maintained in both systems. This facilitated the display of full-color maps. Both coating systems were absorptionless and environmentally durable. Designs, fabrication, and performance of these coating systems are addressed.

TiO₂-SiO₂ composite films are sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) layer and soda lime glass as a buffer layer. The TiO₂-SiO₂ composite and ITO layers are sequentially deposited on glass substrates by ion-assisted electron-beam evaporation in the same coating chamber. Influences of the TiO₂-SiO₂ composite film with various compositions on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ITO layer before and after annealing in air at 300 degree(s)C and 500 degree(s)C for 1h are systematically investigated using a x-ray diffractometer, spectrophotometer, and four point probe. Surface roughness of as-deposited and post-annealed samples are measured by talysurface and scanning electron microscopy. Correlations between the electrical properties and the surface roughnesses and structures of ITO coatings are also discussed.

The technique of mid-frequency plasma polymerization was employed to deposit scratch-resistant and anti-fogging films on transparent polycarbonate substrates. The input monomer used for depositing scratch-resistant coatings was tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO). Variation of oxygen-to-TMDSO ratio study indicated that the hardest film was formed using equal amount of oxygen and TMDSO. The typical deposition rate was about 3 micrometers /hr. Typical operation pressure, TMDSO flow and oxygen flow were 2 X 10^-2 Torr, 30 sccm and 30 sccm, respectively. The deposited polysiloxane layer was characterized as a hard, highly transparent and durable against scratching and abrasion film. Further depositing a thin hydrophilic film on top of the polysiloxane layer significantly improved the surface wettability and therefore dramatically increased the anti-fogging capability. The monomer used for polymerization deposition of the anti- fogging film was vinyl acetate, and the typical flow for vinyl acetate monomer and oxygen were 15 sccm and 10 sccm, respectively.

A windshield laminated hologram is an important application in automotive head-up displays. Properties of these holograms generally produce changes during processing. To predict changes accurately, the diffraction efficiency measurement etc. were apparently used to characterize their diffraction properties. This paper considers the actual structure of a windscreen which is composed of photopolymer hologram within the laminate. The photopolymer hologram, which was sandwiched between a polyvinylbutyral layer and glass ply, was treated at high temperature up to 140 degree(s)C and about 12.5 kg/cm² pressure; as used in a standard windscreen production process. The fringe planes of laminated hologram are generally sensitive to external parameters during process, such as pressure effects. In this paper, the pressure effect on diffraction properties is investigated to characterize windshield laminated photopolymer holograms. A theoretical model was proposed to approach the pressure effect in fringe plane of laminated hologram. A comparison of nonslanted and slanted holograms are analyzed with experimental data.

There is a phenomenon that a 3D image appears in proportion to a focus distance when something is watched through a convex lens. An adjustable focus lens which can control the focus distance of the convex lens is contrived and applied to 3D TV. We can watch 3D TV without eyeglasses. The 3D TV image meets the NTSC standard. A parallax data and a focus data about the image can be accommodated at the same time. A continuous image method realizes much wider views. An anti 3D image effect can be avoided by using this method. At present, an analysis of proto-type lens and experiment are being carried out. As a result, a phantom effect and a viewing area can be improved. It is possible to watch the 3D TV at any distance. Distance data are triangulated by two cameras. A plan of AVI photo type using ten thousand lenses is discussed. This method is compared with four major conventional methods. As a result, it is revealed that this method can make the efficient use of Integral Photography and Varifocal type method. In the case of Integral Photography, a miniaturization of this system is possible. But it is difficult to get actual focus. In the case of varifocal type method, there is no problem with focusing, but the miniaturization is impossible. The theory investigated in this paper makes it possible to solve these problems.

A generalized 2 X 2 Jones matrix representation for twisted nematic (TN) and supertwisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal displays (LCDs) at oblique incidence is obtained. It is based on a model of optical reflection and refraction from stacked birefringent plates. Extension of this 2 X 2 Jones matrix to some special cases is also discussed. This generalized Jones matrix can be used to obtain accurate information on the optical properties of TN and STN LCDs. Numerical comparisons of this new method with the exact Berreman 4 X 4 matrix and the extended Jones matrix of Lien are presented. Simulation results indicate that this new approach is more accurate than existing approximations to the full 4 X 4 calculation. The new generalized Jones matrix method is fast, direct, and simple. It is also physically more intuitive.

A brief introduction to recent color CRT technology development, followed by some novel approaches to the improvement of color CRT's competitive edge in the display industry of the future.

A high-resolution, large-screen color AC plasma display can be assembled by using color modular display panels. The screen area can be expanded at will to meet the user's requirements. The resolution of the screen reaches 256 line per meter, that is, pixel pitch equals to 3.91 mm. The screen is an edgeless display panel with no perceivable loss of display, and the display picture is successive and clear. This device can be applied to the computer terminal large- screen display on many occasions. The size of the minimum unit of the large screen-modular display panel is 200 mm X 250 mm. The number of display cell in modular panel is 52 X 64 X 3 dots. Our paper describes the module structure, main characteristic parameters, key techniques in module assembling, and some ideas in drive circuit designing.

The paper makes a systematic exposition of the theory and technology of a new kind of yttrium aluminum oxide garnet (YAG) phosphor screen (2 approximately 3 inches diagonal)-- the heart of a large screen (greater than 72 inches diagonal) HDTV projector with high brightness, high resolution and good contrast ratio. According to YAG's characteristics of high heat conductivity and high hardness and strength, we propose creatively the idea: fabricating YAG phosphor screen by depositing phosphor powder on YAG film. The YAG phosphor screen' capability of conducting heat is ten times greater than the conventional CRT phosphor screen, with the help of liquid cooling, the YAG phosphor screen avoids to some extent the phosphor's saturation and degradation by high density electron bombardment existing seriously in conventional CRT projector phosphor screen, so the YAG phosphor screen obtains very high brightness and good contrast ratio. Owing to the very small thickness, big refractive index of YAG film and the high density phosphor layer prepared by improved sedimentation and centrifugal sedimentation technics, the resolution of the YAG phosphor screen is high.

Transparent conductive ITO films deposited on glass have been widely used as electrodes of liquid crystal display and other flat panel display. It is well known that the properties of ITO films are strongly effected by depositing condition, especially for the case of the films prepared by reactive sputtering of metallic alloy (indium/tin) targets. In this paper, we present the effects of post-annealing in air and vacuum on the properties of ITO films, such as the conductivity, transparency, crystal structure and thermal stability. By post-annealing, the ITO films with good quality have been obtained, the sheet resistance is as low as 50 (Omega) /square, the transparency as high as 95%.

Nanocrystalline Ge particles embedded in glassy SiO₂ matrix were prepared by rf cosputtering technique and the followed thermal annealing at 600 degree(s)C. Multiple-peak structure around 2.26 ev in photoluminescence spectrum of annealed sample was observed at room temperature, and variation of PL with excitation wavelengths in a range from 457.9 nm to 514.5 nm has been systematically measured and investigated. Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements strongly suggested existence of Ge nanocrystalline particulates in the SiO₂ matrices. The size of nc-Ge is dependent on thermal treatment condition. A preliminary discussion about the origin of such visible photoluminescence phenomenon is presented.

Detailed description of the structure, operation, fabrication, and performance of a fast-response metal- insulator-semiconductor structure single crystal silicon liquid crystal light valve (MIS-Si-LCLV) is given. A 45 degree(s) twisted nematic liquid crystal configuration has been utilized. A MIS-Si-LCLV is demonstrated with a limiting resolution of 40 lp/mm over a 45 mm aperture and contrast ratios of > 50:1, input light sensitivities at (lambda) equals 930 nm ((Delta) (lambda) equals 40 nm) of better than 30 (mu) W/cm² and response times as fast as 20 ms have been measured.

A 320 X 240 integrated panel of poly Si TFTLCD, which includes the display panel, the scan driver and the data driver, is designed. In the design, the redundant technology is applied to improve the yield and performance of the panel, and some factors affecting the performance of the integrated panel are discussed.

The antiferroelectric liquid crystal (AFLC) display is promising for it's tristable switching, no-ghost effect and good mechanical stability. Recently, Yamamoto et al. have realized the full-color AFLC display with analog gradation based on in-pixel domain switching. One of the advantages of AFLC device compared with FLC device is that it can realize gray level display. But AFLCD characteristics has dependence of temperature. In our experiment, AFLCD was prepared to study this problem. The panel's threshold voltage, cone angle, response time, contrast ratio and electro-optical curves was measured at variable temperature. And we discussed the mechanism of gray level's distortion while the temperature changed in the case of the same driving scheme applied. At last we brought out a proposal to solve this problem. The electro-optic curves of AFLCD in a temperature range was measured. Some temperature sensors were put on the panel to detect it's temperature, and we set a temperature standard. Compared the detected temperature and the standard, and then adjust the electric wave forms to get the same gray levels at variable temperature.

The research and fabrication of self-alignment edge junction MIM matrix (256 X 384) with Ta/TaMo double-layered bus line is described. The self-alignment edge junction MIM is realized by lift-off technology and exposed to light from the back side of the substrate. This novel technique and structure of MIM make it possible to obtain very small MIM junction in size (several micrometers ² or smaller) without using strict fine pattern processing technology. The double- layered bus line technique not only decreases the resistivity of bus line (it is critical in the case of large area display), but also eliminate almost the possibility of the open line, one of the most major defects of MIM-LCD. At the same time, it makes the design of size and structure of MIM matrix flexible. The experimental results indicate that the current voltage characteristics of the edge junction MIM are similar considerably to the one of the planar junction. An experimental 256 X 384 pixels LCD actively addressed by MIM matrix is manufactured and a contrast of more than 26:1 is presented.

Electron emission was obtained from discontinuous diamond thin films containing numerous carbon inclusions (diamond- carbon films) which were deposited on Mo using microwave chemical vapor deposition techniques. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The square resistance of the films varied from 3 K(Omega) to 20 M(Omega) , and the maximum emission current of 1.4 mA was obtained from a broad emitting area of 15 X 5 mm². The Fowler-Nordheim (FN) behavior of some samples was piecewise linear, which was similar to the typical FN curves of p-type silicon. A simple field emission device was demonstrated using the diamond-carbon cold cathode. The lower turn-on electrical field and higher current density was obtained from amorphous carbon-polyimide films deposited on silicon substrate by pulse laser deposition for the first time. The locations of electron emission sites were observed using transparent conducting anode technique.

The afterimage caused by the asymmetry and shift of current- voltage (I-V) characteristic of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) switching element in the MIM-LCD is a hot and difficult problem which has been being studied until now. The I-V characteristic couldn't be described accurately and comprehensively by the conventional Poole-Frenkel equation, so it is difficult to estimate and optimize various parameters to improve the I-V characteristic in experiments. We introduced a p-n-n^PLU band model. The model not only explains some experimental phenomena but also has directive function in experiments. By choosing the weak electronegative metal as top-electrode and Ta with acceptor impurity as bottom-electrode, we not only improve the symmetry of the I-V characteristic but also enhance the current ratio of the on-site and off-state.

A head-mounted-display system for virtual reality is developed, which is mainly comprised of a pair of viewing lenses together with LCDs to provide the stereoscopic image, and a tracking device to detect the motion of the head. Each viewing lens contains 4 optical elements, and can give a 120 degree(s) field of view for each eye when used with a 2.2' LCD. The tracking device consists of a 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer and a pendulum, which determines the orientation angles of the helmet. Another version of the tracking device capable of measuring 6 degrees of freedom movement of the helmet is currently under development.

Low operating voltage organic molecule dye doped polymers blue electroluminescent (EL) devices were constructed by using air stable aluminum as cathode 1,1,4,4,-tetraphenyl- 1,3-butadiene (TPB) doped poly (N-Vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was used as the light emitting layer, and a layer of tris(8- quinolinolate)-Aluminum(Alq₃) film worked as an electron-transporting layer. A device with two layer structure of indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/TPB:PVK/Alq₃/Al was obtained. Blue emission began at DC bias voltage of 3.5 V, and blue electroluminescence of 500 cd/m² was observed at about 10 V, the EL peak was at 449 nm. By using Al as cathode, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-terbutypheny)-1-3,4- oxadiazole(PBD) as hole-blocking layer, the device with the structure of ITO/TPB:PVK/PBD/Alq₃/Al was also fabricated. Blue emission began at 4 V, more than 1000 cd/m² was observed at 14 V. These are among the lowest known operating voltage for polymeric EL devices using air stable electrodes. The characteristics of these two kinds of structure devices have also been investigated.

Using bi-convex cylinder lens with matrix structure, the transmissive projection display screen with high contrast and wider viewing angle has been widely used in large rear projection TV and video projectors, it obtained a inhere color shift and puzzled the designer of display screen for RGB projection tube in-line adjustment. Based on the method of light beam racing, the general software of designing projection display screen has been developed and the computer model of vanishing color shift for rear projection HDTV has bee completed. This paper discussed the practical designing method to vanish the defect of color shift and mentioned the relations between the primary optical parameters of display screen and relative geometry sizes of lens' surface. The distributions of optical gain to viewing angle and the influences on engineering design are briefly analyzed.

The tip arrays on (100) oriented silicon were fabricated, and diamond films were deposited on the tip arrays by MW- PCVD method. The diamond was preferentially grown on the top of tips, and diamond film with (111) orientation was formed.

We report our research work and experiments on poly[(2,5- bis(dodecyloxy)-phenylenevinylene)-co-p-phenylenevinylene] P(DDOPV-co-PV) in detail. Our results demonstrate that the R (mol ratio) of DDOPV(2,5-bis(dodecyloxy)-phenylenevinylene) and PV determines the spectra of their copolymers in some degree. We give a half quantity explanation from so-called `free electron gas model' theory.

A new kind of primary colors and gray-levels classifying sequence addressing technique was presented. By the technique, when applied in flat panel displays, the brightness of the systems which is composed of LCD, LED, PDP or wolfram light sources is higher. Moreover, if three primary colors being used as one picture element unit, true color panel video display with wolfram light sources can be realized easily.

The wide commercial utilization of varied matrix display systems provides a promising development of matrix display techniques. Some methods, which are addressed in this paper, have existed for matrix systems to display video (dynamic) pictures with colors and multi-level brightness. A novel scheme, referred to as the integration of multi-sub-frames with equal period (IMSF-EP), is proposed. With this scheme, the implement of display control is simplified. A proof-in- principle LED matrix display system of 64 X 48 pixels, with the breadboard-based circuits, is constructed.

We investigated polymer networks made of a liquid crystalline monomer and found that they have strong influence on alignment of liquid crystal host even with the low concentration of 2%. A nematic crystal with 2% monomer dopant was cured under UV light with a controlled electric field presented. Increase of pretilt angle of liquid crystal was observed. We doped a low percentage monomer in 270 degree(s) twisted SBE device and polymerized to form a polymer network with a electric field presented. Compare with those SBE devices without polymer dopant, the polymer network stabilized SBE device performance lower driving voltage and the stripes formation was significantly eliminated because higher pretilt angles were formed. The effect of the amount of polymer and polymerizing electric field was also investigated.

A 256 X 256 cell color ACPDP panel and its prototype display unit are developed based upon the development of low melting point barrier, dielectric layer and seal materials which reduces the deformation and thermal shrinkage of soda- lime glass substrate. A special technology is used in high voltage drive of color ACPDP.

The SiO₂ barrier layers for liquid crystal display prepared by sol-gel technique were investigated. The influences of preparing process parameters, such as withdrawal speed and heat-treated temperature, on the characteristics including transmittance, refractive index, film thickness and barrier effectiveness to sodium ions of SiO₂ films were studied and compared with that deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering.

The IR-CRT scene simulator is the nuclear device of IR imaging guided simulation system. It bases on cathodoluminescent that using IR-CRT to convert video signals to IR images. The development of IR phosphors and the structure design of IR-CRT which screen be refrigerated to 77 K are explained in this paper. The research result of 3 approximately 5 um IR-CRT simulator is presented. This device can generate dynamic IR images clearly and steadily. The technical index is given as follows: space resolution is 120 L/in; the T_max simulated is 97 degree(s)C, the (Delta) T_max is 86 degree(s)C; dynamic range is 10³.

Diamond is regarded as a negative electron affinity material because of the field emission from CVD diamond films at low applied fields (approximately 20 kV/cm), which makes diamond a potential candidate for flat panel display. In order to find the way of fabricating high quantity diamond films via CVD, the diamond nucleation process should be studied of the first importance. High density heteroepitaxial diamond nuclei on mirror-polished Si(100) substrate have been accomplished by DC glow discharge in a conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition system. The glow discharge current density as high as 80 mA/cm² was attained, which was mostly contributed by the silicon surface instead of the metal holder exposed in the plasma, as the negative bias was applied between the mesh and the substrate. The grown nuclei were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. After the first 10 min deposition, uniform, well-developed diamond nuclei of D(110)//Si(110) and D(100)//Si(100) with a film thickness of about 180 nm were achieved.

In this paper according to the property of IR thermal imaging system, we deduce the IR image simulator display hardware and software that used in IR image drive design principles from the equivalent condition of space, time and spectrum distribution of scene IR radiation. Utilizing this design principle, we may get IR image display drive amend method that uses same IR scene image to model different weather and thermal imaging system condition.

A new LCD device called Polymer Stabilized Amorphous (PSA) STNLCD was prepared by one-side rubbing technique and adding a low percentage of a polymer dopant into the cell by curing the photopolymers under the application of an electric. It's shown to introduce a LC polymer network. A wide viewing angle characteristics and reduction of driving voltage have been demonstrated. Comparing with the conventional one-side rubbing STNLCD, the PSA-STNLCD has more stability and adapt to mass production.

Surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) display has many advantages, such as fast switching speed, wide viewing-angle, high contrast ratio. That caused people to examine the possibility of using it is video displays. But it also has many disadvantages. One of the most serious problems is that irreversible alignment destruction can be easily caused by a mechanical shock. Follow the polymer dispersed liquid crystal devices research's development, people developed polymer network liquid crystal devices. That changes liquid crystal molecules' alignment method from surface anchored to bulk anchored, we prepared ferroelectric liquid crystal-polymer composite. In our experiment, polymer network ferroelectric liquid crystals (PNFLC) devices and SSFLC devices were prepared. We did two kinds of test to compare the anti-shocking property of PNFLCD and SSFLCD. One is pressing test in which different pressure was put on the panels, and the other is striking test in which iron bead from different height was dropped on the panels. The experimental result shows that PNFLCD has much better anti- shocking property than SSFLCD. At last we discussed the mechanism of this phenomenon.

A new method of improved viewing angle of STN-LCDs was studied. Adopted method of multi-domain compensating for viewing angle of TN-LCD. In this paper, we reported the double domain STN LCD cells' structure and fabrication process, applied twice rubbing technique and lithography process and accurately orientation. We compared with the viewing angle characteristics of the conventional STN and the DDSTN. Compare with them, you will find that viewing angle of the DDSTN is more improved, it changes wide and uniform, and it is wider than viewing angle of the conventional STN. We also compared the conventional STN with the DDSTN on electric-optics characteristic each other. We analyzed the reason of contrast decrease of the DDSTN LCD, discussed the solvable method.

A novel multipole magnetic-field deflection and self- convergence system with 20-pole pole piece have been designed and simulated. The deflection system have high deflection sensitive and easily adjust the coil's turns and install. The deflection system fit for large deflection angle, high deflection frequency, high resolution monitor.

A newly fabricated T-shape disk-edge field emitter is considered in the present paper. Numerical results are presented for a unit cell, consisting of emitter, gate, and anode. A new algorithm, Finite-Difference Method in Non- Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinate System, is used for the calculation of electrostatic field. With the boundary- conforming coordinate lines, this method deals with microemitter shapes sufficiently. The dependence of field enhancement factor and emitted current upon geometrical factors and I-V characteristics are shown out. Several suggestions are given out for the geometry determination in fabrication.

In this paper, the author proposes the method which divides the detection of the hybrid integrated LED flat panel display into `function detection' and `luminosity measurement', and also manufacture these two measuring devices. The function detector can realize an overall detection to various display forms and can measure main electric parameters. This device adopts the MCS-51 microprocessor on chip for controlling system. The luminosity measuring device adopts microcomputer-- integrating sphere--photoelectric multiplex tube system, which can achieve autodetection for the image point intensity homogeneity of the matrix LED display. The whole system software can adopts Chinese user shells, and the operation is very simple.

Vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs) have been used for monochrome video display for about twenty years. With the phosphor of ZnO:Zn, the VFD has the characteristics of high luminance, high luminous efficiency, long lifetime and beautiful color. A pentode VFD has been developed for indoor large-screen color mosaic display. There are three layers of grids in the pentode VFD. Two of the three layer grids are arranged perpendicularly for X-Y matrix addressing. Under the anode voltage of 2.5 kV, this display device can provide with the luminance of red: 1700 cd/m², green: 3800 cd/m² and blue: 1300 cd/m2. Its luminous dot density is 15625 dots/m(superscript 2 and its pixel arrangement is R-G-B-G quadruple pattern. One VFD contains 16 X 16 luminous dots and its size is 127 X 127 mm². This paper will report mainly on the characteristics of the three primary phosphor excited by the electrons of below 2.5 KeV. The structure of the pentode VFD, the voltage parameters related to the luminance and the turn on and cut off voltage of every grid are also discussed.

A Ta-Ta₂O₅-Ta MIM thin film diode for active-matrix LCD is described. The Ta₂O₅ thin film insulator layer of the MIM thin film diode were formed by anodizing sputtered tantalum oxide films (sputtering/anodization two- step process). Experimental results showed that the MIM diode using the two-step oxidized sputtered/anodized tantalum oxide films had the threshold voltage as low as 5 V, the switching-on/off ratio about 10⁵, and a more symmetrical I-V characteristic.

In recent years, light-emitting diodes fabricated with organic molecules and conjugated polymers have attracted much attention due to their potential application in full color flat panel display. Among the conjugated polymers ever used in polymer light-emitting diodes, poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (PPV), poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(3- alkylthiophene)s (P3AT) have been investigated most widely. PPV, PVK are good emissive materials as well as hole- transportation materials. P3AT, with their good solubility and chemical stability, are also promising candidate materials for the emitting layer. Furthermore, the properties of P3AT can be easily changed by the size of side chain groups. In this paper, a new kind of P3AT was synthesized, and multilayer light-emitting diodes based on the blended polymer of P3AT and PVK were fabricated. The I-V characteristics and electroluminescent spectroscopy were measured and discussed.

A new kind of liquid crystal display (LCD) which positive dichroic dye disperses in LC is described in this paper. The quasi guest-host effect LCD is composed of a polarizer, twisted-nematic effect liquid crystal layer, and a guest- host effect liquid crystal layer which positive dichroic dye disperses in positive dielectric anisotropy nematic LC. Its multiplexing ability is as high as that of the twisted- nematic effect, and its contrast is as high as that of the guest-host effect of negative contrast display. The technological conditions of the new kind of LCD are similar to those of twisted-nematic LCD. The unfavorable factors are that it needs two liquid crystal layers and that the weight increases to some degree.

A multichannel Vander-Lugt correlator based on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator is proposed in this paper. It takes advantage of the existence of higher diffraction orders generated by the pixeling effect of electrically addressed SLM (EASLM). The preliminary experimental results are presented.

The technical feature of NiO coating produced by reaction flash evaporation of nickel is reported in this paper. The experimental result indicates that the integrated transmittance changes in value between colored and bleached state are 63.3% and 46.9% for a system of G/ITO/NiO_x in 2M KOH solution related with VIS and solar spectrum (AMI.5) respectively. It also exhibits fine control range of transmittance in NIR. In fact, electrochromic coating is comparable with NiO by radio frequency sputtering and electron beam reactive evaporation for smart window application about coloration efficiency, deposition rate and EC response. The all solid state EC devices have been produced through reaction flash evaporation NiO_x coating combined with WO₃ coating and lithiated inorganic electrolyte. They exhibit a fine change range of VIS integrated transmittance over 52%. In this paper, the electrochromic mechanism of NiO_x coating is also discussed.