This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11606 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

We present a laser board for quantum communication, which integrates a high-speed driving signal for laser diode (LD) and a temperature control circuit. Our laser pulses maintain a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 30dB at a frequency up to 1.25GHz. And the temperature noise of the controlled laser diode less than 1mK RMS within 1hour.

Due to the limitation of its crystal characteristics, Holmium laser cannot directly produce high-power laser output. This article uses the relationship between the pulse and angular displacement of the servo motor to design a three-light path flat-flat stable cavity structure, which is adjusted by the servo motor The direction of the light path, and then realize the combined beam output laser. The I/O port output pulse sequence is generated by STM32 real-time timing to control the initial position and speed of the servo motor driver. The three-hole mirror frame is driven by the rotation of the servo motor, and the slot-type optical coupler is used for positioning, and the laser resonant cavity of each channel works independently in turn by time division multiplexing, and finally realizes the combined laser beam output.

For high-precision optical systems, in addition to controlling the positional misalignment, the multi-lens system assembly needs to further compensate for the inherent errors of the lenses. This paper introduces a surface error rotation compensation algorithm based on Zernike polynomials. The algorithm uses the wavefront difference RMS as the evaluation standard. By deriving the aberration Zernike polynomials, the lens rotation optimization function is established. The optimization function has the same value as the wavefront difference RMS. Corresponding relationship, the quasi-Newton method is used to obtain the optimal rotation angle solution of the optimization function, and then the lens rotation compensation is used to minimize the wavefront difference. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by a two-mirror system. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency of surface error compensation, an active error compensation method for lens selection is proposed, which is of great significance to the precision assembly of multiple lenses.

Optical fiber communication has become the mainstream transmission medium for access networks due to its large capacity and low loss. With the development of 5G, the rise of various social and live broadcast platforms, and the emergence of cloud computing and other applications, users' demands for bandwidth and speed have grown rapidly. Therefore, the future optical access network will develop towards large capacity, high speed, and low cost. The characteristics of optical fiber such as dispersion and non-linear effects will decrease system performance. In order to improve system performance, it is necessary to adopt high-order modulation and digital signal processing technology. In this paper, the modulation formats for large-capacity optical access are investigated, including pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation(CAP), direct detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DD-OFDM). The principles and research progress of the three modulation formats are discussed. At the same time, in order to further increase the system capacity and the number of users supported, large-capacity optical access technology based on space division multiplexing (SDM) are also be introduced, including multi-core fiber based PON and OAMbased PON architecture.

The laser-matter interaction and bur phenomena associated with lase processing remain unclear, slowing its process development and optimization. Here, through in situ CCD imaging and mathematical model, we revealed the underlying physical mechanism of bur formation during millisecond pulsed laser processing metallic material. The result shows that the laser-induced gas/vapour jet promotes the flow of melt, and the dynamic behavior of up flow melt along the hole wall is responsible for bur formation; another more, the oxidation phenomena of metallic material have positively influence in bur diminution.

Laser technology is widely used in military, industrial manufacturing, electronics, holography, spectroscopy and other fields. The application of laser technology in military affairs has revolutionized the war. Military laser technology covers many aspects of military operations, such as reconnaissance warning, weapon guidance, high-power laser weapons, communication etc. This paper begins with the definition of laser, and briefly introduces the development history of laser in military application. Then the five main applications of laser in military are introduced. The current development situation is discussed and the shortcomings are analyzed. Finally, the paper summarizes and prospects the future development trend of laser in military.

With the increasing number of vehicles, it is more and more important to monitor the concentration of automobile exhaust gas. In order to detect the concentration of main gas components in exhaust gas, a set of automobile exhaust simulation detection device based on photoacoustic spectroscopy technology was designed by using laser as the light source, combined with the self-designed photoacoustic cell and gas distribution system. The system adopts wavelength modulation technology, which effectively overcomes the interference and influence of traditional mechanical chopping modulation. The experimental results show that the system can detect different concentrations of CO, NO and NO2 with stable operation, which can meet the requirements of vehicle exhaust detection.

With the vigorous development of electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery as the main core component of electric vehicle, accurate and effective prediction of its failure and timely replacement before lithium-ion battery failure can effectively guarantee the safety of vehicle and personnel and avoid major accidents. Based on the cycling test data of a lithium battery for a vehicle, a grey model algorithm is proposed to predict the capacity degradation of the battery in this paper. Considering the strong time-varying non-linearity of battery capacity decay and disturbance of external noise, a method of optimizing data improvement accuracy by wavelet threshold denoising is proposed. The obtained capacity decay data is taken as model training sample set to further improve the accuracy of grey model in predicting capacity degradation failure of lithium ion batteries. The feasibility and validity of the optimization model algorithm are verified by simulation experiments on two sets of lithium ion battery capacity data sets with different fading trends.

The illumination system used for laser active imaging has higher requirements for the divergence angle of the semiconductor laser. In this paper, ZEMAX is used to simulate the collimation effect of cylindrical lens, aspheric lens, and self-focusing lens, analyze the influence of distance and angle deviation on the collimation effect of cylindrical lens, aspherical lens, and self-focusing lens, and further simulate and use the three lens lighting system which is used for the lighting effect of laser active imaging. The results show that: compared with cylindrical lenses and self-focusing lenses, aspheric lenses are less affected by distance and angle deviation; in the illumination system of laser active imaging, the divergence angle of aspheric lenses is small, and the illumination effect is better. Aspheric lenses are more suitable for the collimating system used in laser active imaging.

To evaluate the visual tracking algorithm proposed by our research team, we compare the algorithm with other three visual tracking algorithms. Firstly, the four visual tracking algorithms are introduced. There are SiamFC, SiamRPN++, ATOM and TDLD, which are all based on deep learning. The first three algorithms are the state-of-the-art trackers of different periods. The last algorithm is proposed by ourselves. And then we do some experiments in seven video sequences from OTB-100 dataset. We qualitatively compare the robustness of the four algorithms on the five tracking challenging factors. The average centre location error (ACLE) and average overlap score (AOC) of the four algorithms are calculated to make a quantitative analysis. The SiamRPN++ algorithm gets the best result of ACLE three times, and the TDLD gets twice. Both the SiamRPN++ and the TDLD get the best result of AOC three times respectively. The analysis results show that performance of the TDLD is very close to the state-of-the-art trackers.

The spectral emissivity of the surface of the selective Radiator varies with the wavelength. The selective radiator can be prepared by periodic structure, which has strange electromagnetic characteristics. HFSS software is used to construct the frequency selection surface based on periodic structure. The structural material is metal gold, the dielectric layer material is silicon dioxide, and the resonance unit parameters are in the micron scale. The modulation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmittance in the infrared band are calculated. Through calculation, it is found that the designed selective radiators have very low emissivity on both the mid-infrared 3-5mm atmospheric window and far-infrared 8- 14mm atmospheric window. The resonant central frequency point in the mid-infrared atmosphere window moves from 4.6mm to 4.9mm.In the mid-infrared 3.33 -6.17mm band, transmission rate is below 0.1. In the far-infrared 7.43 -12.2mm band, transmission rate is lower than 0.1.The influence of the structure on the electromagnetic transmission characteristics is recalculated by changing the thickness of the dielectric layer. It is found that the thickness of the dielectric layer has little influence on the resonance center of low transmittance, and the influence is mainly on the bandwidth and the peak value of high transmittance. A change in the dielectric layer's dielectric constant will also cause a change in the position of the resonant frequency. When the dielectric constant increases from ε= 2.9 to ε=5.9, the location of the resonant frequency changed obviously. The resonant wavelength in the far-infrared atmospheric window moves from 8.72mm to 11.36mm. As the dielectric constant increases, the resonant wavelength moves towards the long wave.

The emerging surface plasmon technology could break through the diffraction limit by the miniaturization of the laser. However, the efficient coupling from the plasmon lasers to waveguides is still a fundamental and practical challenge. In the paper, a novel surface plasmon square cavity with tapered one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PhC) structure coupling to a waveguide is designed. We simulate and optimize the PhC plasmon coupling cavity structure parameters. The waveguide coupling efficiency of ~77% is achieved. The simulated results show that the quality factor is ~385 for this double-cavity coupling scheme at a operating wavelength of 1561nm. The coupling cavity width is only about λ/3. It is nearly lossless for the light propagating in the coupled Si waveguide. Moreover, the tapered PhC coupling cavity can be served as an ultra-small emitter source with an output power of 50 μW at the input current of 100 μA, which is ~7 times more than that of the straight waveguide cavity case. Such surface plasmon cavity with tapered 1D PhC will become a promising candidate for on-chip laser sources in the next generation optical interconnection.

In the process of image fusion between visible and infrared images, the infrared image details are seriously lost, the edge is blurred and the visible image contrast is insufficient, etc., so an image fusion method combining the non sub sampled shear wave transform and guided filtering is proposed. Firstly, the visible and infrared images were decomposed by NSST to obtain the low frequency and high frequency sub bands. Secondly, guided filtering weighted sub band coefficients based on local area definition are used to fuse low frequency sub band coefficients, and improved guided filtering fusion is used to fuse high frequency sub band coefficients. Finally, NSST inverse transformation is used to obtain the fused image.Experimental results on different data sets show that this method is superior to other methods in information entropy, standard deviation, mutual information and other evaluation indexes, which verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the method proposed in this paper.

Gas-insulated mental enclosed transmission Line(GIL) as an overhead transmission mode or a supplementary transmission technology with limited transmission point of cable, has the advantages of large capacity, less space, flexible layout and high reliability. In view of the operating characteristics of UHV GIL, in order to ensure its safe and stable operation, an arc fault monitoring system is deployed inside the GIL tube corridor. The energy acquisition mode of the arc fault monitoring system is mainly studied in this paper. Based on the angle of high and low potential isolation, security and practicality, a scheme of laser optical fiber power supply and communication for UHV GIL arc fault monitoring is proposed, which provides stable and reliable energy supply and communication guarantee for arc fault location and monitoring equipment, and provides support technology for safe and stable operation of UHV GIL.

Raman spectroscopy is used to detect material structure, which is currently one of the fastest growing frontiers in the field of spectroscopy. The detection speed of Raman spectroscopy is very fast and does not require sample preparation, so non-destructive detection can be achieved. The realization of portable Raman spectrometer enables Raman spectroscopy to be used for on-site detection. The portable Raman spectrometer is easy to operate. Moreover, the price is relatively cheap, and the application demand in various industries has become greater. We design a portable Raman spectrometer optical system based on on-site rapid detection. It provides a important foundation for the development and production of portable Raman spectrometers.

The Vargas equilibrium theory is introduced into spot power market for pricing ancillary services together with energy. Firstly, the general competitive equilibrium model of power market is established by taking the active power, reactive power and operating reserve as traded commodities. Then, impact on active power pricing is analyzed according to partial competitive equilibrium model of power market. Finally, the equal price method is used to calculate the Vargas equilibrium point. Case study on IEEE30-bus system shows that the method proposed is very effective.

Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) metal halide perovskite materials possess excellent luminescent properties and suppressed trap-assisted recombination losses, having attracted much attention in the field of light-emitting diodes. Reducing the density of charge traps is essential for the further improvements of device performance. However, investigations in this direction have been limited. In this work, we study the role of some molecular additives on the suppression of trap density in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting materials. We show that the molecular additives have a considerable effect on the reduction of hole trap density as evident in our space-charge limited current (SCLC) analysis for single-carrier devices, leading to enhanced luminescence properties. Our work contributes to the development of quasi-2D perovskite emitters for efficient LEDs.

Laser Shock Processing (LSP) is a new surface strengthening technology. In this paper, the characteristics of laser shock processing is introduced, the model, mechanism and influencing factors of laser shock processing is analyzed, the development status and research results of laser shock processing at home and abroad are summarized, and the application prospect of laser shock processing is prospected.

Artificially synthesized electromagnetic metamaterials can realize the unique properties that are not possessed by natural media in nature, and have broad application prospects in related fields. The zero-refractive index metamaterial is a metamaterial whose relative permittivity or relative permeability is zero through artificial design. It has infinite wavelength, uniform field effect, high directivity radiation, wavefront control and other properties. This paper theoretically analyzes the influence of the structural parameters of the material on the transmission coefficient, and uses software to simulate the electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves passing through the material. The transmission phenomena of single zero and double zero refractive index metamaterials are numerically simulated, and the reasons for this phenomenon are explained. The research results can be used in optical device design and civilian related fields.

In this paper, a low-cost multi IMU redundancy test system is designed. The traditional fault detection and isolation algorithm GLT algorithm of Redundant Strapdown Inertial navigation system is applied to the fault detection and isolation of low-cost multi IMU redundant system, and the ideal results are obtained in the fault detection.

In land and sea operations, foggy weather will greatly reduce the accuracy of target detection, which will have a greater impact on the tracking and guidance and control of intelligent ammunition. Therefore, the research on missile-borne images dehazing is particularly important. This article first briefly introduces the physical model of atmospheric scattering, and then analyzes the characteristics of several missile-borne image dehazing methods. Finally, based on the dehazing principle of image restoration, for the specific application environment of the missile-borne camera, a dehazing model Based on Dark Channel with Gradient Transmittance is established. The experiment shows that a dehazing image is suitable for human visual characteristics, which greatly improves the target recognition rate in foggy weather, and is of great significance for improving the accuracy of ammunition hits.

As an important part of the optical communication system, the optical module plays a vital role in the field of high-speed data communication. The transmission quality of the signal directly affects the performance of the communication system, and the high-speed signal transmission process will be attenuated, resulting in bit errors. In order to counteract the attenuation of high-speed signals during transmission and reduce the transmission error rate, this paper proposed a signal compensation method based on the HXT6112-VCSEL driver. This method compensated the signal by adjusting the signal transmission characteristics of the configuration of the control registers inside the HXT6112. It was found that after this method, the eye diagram was significantly improved. It can effectively solve the attenuation problem of highspeed signal transmission.

The ocean is complex, the development of mature and stable underwater detection technology is significant for the study of the ocean. At present, acoustic and electromagnetic detection technology has been widely used, but it is vulnerable to environmental constraints and external interference factors. With the discovery of blue-green transparent window, laser can be used as one of underwater detection methods because of its high collimation and strong anti-interference ability. Based on water quality and echo power model, the hardware design of laser principle prototype is completed and its performance is verified. The experimental results show that it can realize the positioning function of underwater static target, run stably and obtain the expected effect.

Galloping is one of the important factors leading to unplanned outage of overhead transmission lines, which threatens the safe operation of transmission lines and is very necessary for galloping monitoring of overhead transmission lines. In this paper, the cable vibration monitoring technology based on the Stokes parameters is proposed. Using the OPGW fiber, the polarization state change of the light can be obtained by real-time detecting the Stokes parameters of the light in the fiber, and the vibration information of the cable can be obtained, so as to realize the online monitoring of the cable galloping. We have tested it in the laboratory and on the actual line, and the results show that the technology is feasible. This study proposes a cable vibration monitoring technology with strong anti electromagnetic interference ability, long service life, easy maintenance and low cost, which provides a new idea for transmission line galloping detection technology.

Power cable undertakes the important task of power transmission. In recent years, the use of power cables is increasing, and its safe and reliable operation is very important to ensure the stable operation of distribution system. However, the cable is deeply buried in the ground, so it is difficult to find the problem in time and reliably in ordinary daily inspection. In recent years, the number of cable faults has increased greatly, and the fire failure caused by the explosion of cable intermediate joint accounts for more than 80%. Taking a typical large-scale fire accident of distribution cable as an example, this paper deeply analyzes the prominent problems existing in the installation process of cables and accessories, line protection configuration, operation and maintenance of cable operation environment. The case has high learning value and significant guiding significance. It basically covers the prominent problems in technology, process and management of current distribution cable. Through in-depth analysis of the case, targeted and reliable solutions are proposed, which can effectively improve the operation level of distribution network.

The distribution station area is composed of distribution transformer, low-voltage comprehensive distribution box, lowvoltage line, drop out fuse and other medium voltage protection equipment. It undertakes the important tasks of voltage transformation and power distribution in the distribution system, and its safe and reliable operation is very important to ensure the stable operation of the distribution system. With the continuous increase of load capacity, the operation environment of distribution station area is deteriorating day by day. The fire and damage accidents occur frequently in the distribution area, which seriously affect the safe and reliable operation of distribution network and have a very bad social impact. This paper takes a typical high and low voltage equipment comprehensive damage fault in the distribution station area as an example, analyzes the prominent problems existing in the low and medium voltage protection configuration, low voltage equipment installation technology, daily operation and maintenance management, etc. The case has high learning value and significant guiding significance. It basically covers the outstanding problems in technology, technology and management of the current distribution area. Through in-depth analysis of the case, targeted and reliable solutions are proposed, which can effectively improve the operation level of distribution network.

The galloping monitoring of transmission lines is an important means of galloping disaster warning. The movement characteristics and line conditions of the transmission line are judged by monitoring and processing information such as the vibration frequency, temperature, stress and other physical quantities of the transmission line. Aiming at high-voltage transmission lines, a simple and feasible method for monitoring line galloping is proposed. The video image is analyzed through the Tracker software, use the height of the electrical tower in the image as a scale to establish a coordinate system. We can select a certain point in the video image, and track the selected point in each frame of the image to obtain the frequency and Amplitude. The results show that the method can effectively and simply analyze the characteristics and laws of line galloping, and provide a basis for disaster warning.

In order to ensure an orderly connection between mid- and long-term trading and spot trading, mid- and long-term trading will gradually form a mid- and long-term trading power curve, shifting from electricity trading to power trading. At present, there are usually two ways to decompose the curve of mid- and long-term contracts: both market parties in the power generation and power consumption make agreements on power curves; market operating agencies decompose electricity contract according to the typical curve. However, the method of decomposition according to the typical curve cannot serve specific subjects accurately, which indirectly affects the production and consumption behavior of market subjects. Furthermore, the full competition of the electricity market is hindered, and the smooth and sound development of the electricity market is affected. This paper proposes a fair power curve decomposition method for mid- and long-term contracts, which fully considers the needs and economic interests of both parties to the contract, and performs power curve decomposition based on the optimization model of social welfare maximization, so that the decomposition results can be quantified and optimized decomposition results can be obtained.

Animal body surface temperature abnormality is highly correlated with animal physiological abnormalities and epidemic diseases. In animal groups, the conventional local thermometry is always stuck in limitations like large workload and large temperature error induced by animal restraint stress reaction, etc. A fast surface temperature measurement system carrying a smartphone-based miniature non-refrigeration IR thermal imaging temperature sensor for animal groups was developed in this research. A thermostat-based internal calibration method was established to tackle the temperature drift of the thermal core, and implement the real-time calibration of the temperature measuring errors caused by the temperature response drift of the detector.

In the process of wide-band spectrum detection, interferogram acquisition of the traditional Michelson interferometer needs to follow Nyquist sampling theorem, the static performance such as high resolution of moving mirror scanning and the dynamic performance such as transient response need to meet strict requirements, which usually make the spectrometer system structure complex. Meanwhile, the interference modulation efficiency of traditional Michelson interferometer will drop sharply with the increase of optical path difference(OPD). In this way, the interference data value at the long optical path difference will be submerged by noise, which will reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed spectrum. In order to simultaneously achieve spectrum detection with wide-band spectrum, high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio, this paper introduces a configuration of wide-band interference spectrometer based on band-pass sampling technology. The wide-band interference spectrometer includes dispersion unit and interference modulation unit. Firstly, the dispersion unit pre-disperses the wide spectrum into continuous spectrum distributed along wavelength and divides the interference modulation signal of continuous spectrum into several interference signals of narrow-band spectrum. Secondly, the interference modulation unit carries out interference modulation on the dispersed continuous spectrum and the interferograms of every narrow-band spectrum are sampled and obtain the interferogram sequence of every narrow-band spectrum according to the band-pass sampling theorem. Finally, the spectral distribution of the detection target can be obtained by data processing and spectral superposition. The interference spectrometer provides a new idea for the development of spectral detection with wide spectral range, high resolution and high signalto- noise ratio.

As a new two-dimensional material, graphene has several special chemical and physical properties compared with other materials, and good application prospects in many fields. At present, the preparation of graphene is the focus of material research. In this paper, five preparation methods of graphene are introduced, which are micro mechanical striping method, redox method, epitaxial growth of SiC, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical synthesis. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are analyzed respectively. Considering various preparation methods, CVD is undoubtedly the most efficient method, but it still has the disadvantages of high cost and other drawbacks. However, with the development of graphene research, it can be predicted that there will be more efficient preparation methods in the future, so that graphene can be produced on a large scale.

In this study, X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray microCT) was utilized to study the qualities of GH3536 part specimens produced by additive manufacturing. The results showed that all the specimens had high density of inclusions. Based on the location of the inclusion within the specimen, one of the inclusion was exposed to the surface by grind. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the mostly spherical particles were embedded in the specimen, and the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) revealed that the inclusion was tungsten particle. In order to find the root source of the inclusion, the powder specimen used for printing the part specimen was characterized, and it was found that the trace amount of tungsten inclusion found in GH3536 powder specimen can only be certified by X-ray microCT, while other commonly used method for powder characterization failed to detect the contaminant.

Contact resistance is an important parameter to evaluate the feasibility of carbon nanotubes (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) in high performance logic applications. In this paper we make the systematic study of contact resistance of solution-processed CNT-FETs by transmission line method (TLM) and the Y-function method (YFM). TLM needs to calculate the voltage between source and drain electrodes of a group of devices with different channel length, but YLM only needs the transfer characteristic curve of a single device. The results by our calculation indicate that, the resistance obtained by YFM is larger than that obtained by TLM, which provides reference value for the selection of methods to find contact resistance in the future.

Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional wired charging methods for electric vehicles, a wireless charging device based on supercapacitor is designed to realize the full automation of wireless charging of cars. The system uses the electromagnetic induction to transfer energy through coil induction, and uses the quick charge and bigger energy storage of supercapacitor to avoid poor contact, low charging speed, interface heating and damage caused by multiple plugging and unplugging because of oxidation and passivation of the metal surfaces. This system has very important practical significance to increase the service life of the whole machine, and improve the environmental adaptability of the entire system.

Metal halide perovskite has the advantages of facile manufacture, high color purity and good spectral stability, which has a broad application prospect in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Balanced charge transportation and recombination is vital for efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this work, we applied ZnO films with different thickness as electron transport layer (ETL) in near-infrared PeLEDs to modulate electron transportation. With controlled ZnO films, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PeLEDs is improved from 3.81% to 12.24%. The improvements provide a broad research prospect for efficient PeLEDs.

This paper studies the application of smoke fire detectors in religious and sacrificial places, focusing on the influence of incense burning interference on the response performance of photoelectric smoke detectors. Based on a dual wavelength photoelectric smoke detection module, the response performance of smoke fire detector is compared through the aerosol test in the smoke test tunnel, burning incense test and four kinds of standard test fire (SH) sensitivity test in combustion chamber. According to the test data, the influence of burning incense on smoke detector is analyzed.

In order to analyze the requirements of different wavelength response to the GaAs photocathode structure, the relationship was simulated and verified by experiments between the absorptivity at the single-wavelength response of 400~1000 nm and the GaAs emission layer. The results show that the GaAs layer thickness is required greater than 0.5 μm under 600 nm wavelength response in order to get the absorptivity of 90% above, the thickness is required greater than 0.8 μm for 700 nm wavelength response, and it is required greater than 1.5 μm under 800 nm wavelength response. The value of GaAs photocathode absorptivity has little influence with the thickness of GaAs layer in the wavelength section of 400~500 nm, which is only related to the wavelength. The longer the wavelength, the higher the absorptivity. The absorptivity in the range of 550~900 nm decreases with the increase of wavelength, and the absorptivity increases with the increase of GaAs layer thickness. The experimental results confirm the simulation results.

A blended top-down/bottom-up hierarchical technique has been delivered to manufacture vastly aligned nanoscale domains' arrays with the aid of the use of the self-assembly of asymmetrical poly (styrene-block-ethylene/butylenesblock- styrene) (SEBS) tirblock copolymers. Silicon substrates of various microstucture that is made by way of AFM that machines strategy are used to template the ball-shaped and high-aspect-ratio cylindrical polymer domains' alignment. The poly domains' regular arrays have been oriented by way of AFM micromachining technique's introduction as a put into effect for dominating triblock copolymers' self-assembly manner regionally by means of the usage of the silicon substrate's topography. This graphoepitaxial methodology is exploitable in interbred hard/soft that is condensed substance structures for a range of applications. Furthermore, pairing bottom-up and top-down methods is a bright, and perhaps basic, bridge between the parallel self-assembly of molecules and the morphological constraint of prevailing technology.

Research on low-temperature electron transport materials in perovskite solar cells has been pursued to expand their application on flexible and tandem device architectures. The traditional TiO2 electron transport material has low electron mobility, resulting in sever charge accumulation at the interface. Here, PCBM is applied as buffer layer to increase the electron extraction rate and suppress charge accumulation, as well as modify the interface of the electron transport layer. The authors find that perovskite layer exhibits better morphology with PCBM buffer layer, and the solar cell presents improved performance, which makes the low-temperature prepared TiO2 film a promising electron transport material for perovskite solar cells.

Bi₂O₂Se was discovered as a promising two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with high electron mobility, ultrafast photoresponse and excellent environmental stability. However, as so far, only chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Bi₂O₂Se nanofilms have been investigated and reported. Here, we firstly systematically studied the electrical and photoelectric properties of exfoliated few-layer Bi₂O₂Se nanoflakes. Results indicate that exfoliated Bi₂O₂Se based field effect transistor (FET) exhibited high mobility (~ 460 cm²V^-1s^-1) and high conductance (~ 4.9 mS). In addition, Exfoliated few-layer Bi2O2Se based photodetector demonstrates an ultra-sensitive photoresponse with good reproducibility at room-temperature for visible wavelengths, including a high photoresponsivity (~125 mA/W), a quick response time (< 40 ms) and a high external quantum efficiency (~ 30 %). These results offer the opportunities for developing the next generation of ultrasensitive high performance room-temperature photodetectors based on exfoliated few-layer Bi₂O₂Se nanoflakes.

Wavelength modulation technology (WMS) is widely used in exhaust telemetry system now, but frequency modulation technology (FMS) is rarely used for the highest working frequency limitation of phase-locked amplifier. Based on FMS and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), a real-time detection system for CO and CO₂ of automobile exhaust is designed by embedded system, Industrial Personal Computer(IPC) and a phase-sensitive detection circuit with radio frequency(RF) mixer as the core. It can be shown that the system works stably,and can detect CO and CO₂ timely and accurately by experimental data.

In order to monitor the emissions of HC and NO_x in vehicle exhaust timely, a real-time monitoring system for vehicle exhaust based on ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS) technology is designed. First, the UV spectrum data are collected by PIC microcontroller and FreeRtos real-time operating system. Then the gas concentration is obtained through the least squares method on Industrial Personal Computer(IPC). Finally, the stability and accuracy of the system are tested.

Thermal evaporation was used to prepare the Al doped Mg₂Si film on Si substrates. The influences of the structure, morphology, Raman spectrum, and electrical resistivity of Mg₂Si film with Al doping were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), four-point probe (FPP), Raman spectroscopy, and surface profiler. The results of XRD indicate that after Al is doped, the intensity of Mg₂Si diffraction peak is enhanced and the grain size become larger. FESEM results indicate that after Al is doped, Mg2Si grains aggregate into clusters, and the internal structure of the thin films is dense. Raman results showed that after Al is doped, a redshift happened at the Raman characteristic peak near 256cm^-1. FPP results show that the electrical resistivity of Mg₂Si thin films decrease after doping Al.

With the rapid development of modern communication system, more and more attention has been paid to communication interference and anti-interference, which affects the key to smooth communication. In order to ensure the security and stability of communication in modern complex electromagnetic environment, the communication system must have strong anti-interference ability. Wireless communication is the main means of modern communication. Nowadays, the vehicular command and control communication system is mainly composed of ultrashort wave frequency hopping radio. Frequency hopping radio has good anti-interference ability and can carry out accurate and reliable communication in complex electromagnetic environment. In order to deepen the study of FH radio, this paper uses Simulink as an auxiliary means to simulate FH radio, observe the BER of FH radio in single frequency interference, multi frequency interference, tracking interference and channel high signal-to-noise ratio, and analyze the anti-interference performance of FH communication system.

All-inorganic copper based metal halides have aroused wide attention as emissive materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and good environmental stability. We report a facile low temperature solution process to obtain high quality Cs₃Cu₂I₅ film by using chlorobenzene (CB) as antisolvent. The light-emitting diodes based on the high quality Cs3Cu2I5 films as emissive layers achieved a luminance of 74 cd/m² and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.013%.

The infrared radiation characteristics of oil storage tanks are an important basis for the detection and identification of oil tanks. The study of the infrared radiation characteristics of oil tanks is of great significance to the realization of infrared protection and stealth of oil tanks. This paper takes oil tanks as the research object, establishes a theoretical calculation model of the tank surface temperature field and a one-dimensional heat balance equation, and obtains the temperature distribution of the tank surface at various times. On this basis, the infrared radiation characteristics of the oil tank are further calculated, discussed and analyzed.

Today, with the rapid development of two-dimensional materials, graphene has been unable to meet the existing research needs due to its own limitations. The current researches focus more on those materials with better properties, and two-dimensional Ga2O3 is one of the representatives of these new ultra-thin materials. This paper makes a comparison between the structure and properties of Ga2O3 body material and its two-dimensional layer, and will explain the reason why the special structure of 2D- Ga2O3 brings its excellent properties. Then, the current mainstream technology for manufacturing two-dimensional materials is introduced, and corresponding process methods for materials with different structures are given. Then, some controversial suggestions for optimizing two-dimensional Ga2O3 process are proposed in this study. The airflow velocity was analyzed for the reasons of the influence of these external environmental parameters on the optimization process. After the comparison experiment of XYZ axis, the growth state was confirmed by the metallographic, and the ideal result was obtained. Now it seems that two-dimensional materials of TMDCs, especially two-dimensional Ga2O3 holders, have more advantages than two-dimensional materials of graphene. Conditions such as monatomic structure, direct band gap, strong spin orbit coupling and wide bandgap make them have broad prospects in more fields.

Tunnel junction (TJ) is one of the key technologies for high voltage vertical multi-photovoltaic cell(HVVMPC). In this paper, two types of AlGaAs/GaAs TJs with silicon(Si) doping and tellurium(Te) doping technology are presented, and on this basis, two types of HVVMPCs including six sub-cells and different doping TJ are prepared. A temperature and monochromatic optical power characteristic comparative study for two types of devices shows a higher efficiency for Te doping HVVMPC. Therefore, the Te doping technology can be considered to improve the device performance of tandem monochromatic HVVMPC. In addition, The factors of TJ resistance at different bias voltage, external quantum efficiency(EQE) of HVVMPC and current matching characteristic are discussed. According to these analysis data and the conclusions in this paper, we can optimize HVVMPC including more sub-cells in future.

With the development of society, as far as the current situation is concerned, coal development will continue to be the mainstream trend for a long period of time in the future. However, the society requires that through technical reform, it should be provided according to the needs of society for coal at a gradually reduced social cost. According to the latest national policy, the previous coal price has become a thing of the past. And with the country's requirements for clean energy and low emissions, power plants are in urgent need of a solution. One of the most prominent coal types is Zhundong coal. Reducing the adverse effects of Zhundong coal will have a major impact on the development of coal forms in our country.

Be element belongs to pro-rock elements, its chemical properties is very active. The ore samples in this study were collected in the Saliuquan Be (Nb, Ta) deposits, which is located in the Oulongbuluke - Wulan wolfram (iron, bismuth, rare earths, precious jade) metallogenic belt. The ore samples belong to granites of magmatic rocks, minerals are mainly composed of potassium feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and a small amount of biotite, followed by a small amount of metal minerals. For the convenience of analyzing the resistivity characteristics of ores, some points are randomly selected on the same sample for resistivity test, the test temperature of the samples is 20 ℃. The results showed that the resistivity of ores is negatively correlated with the content of Be element, which indicates that the influence of metal elements content (conductive minerals) on the resistivity of ores is obvious. As far as the resistivity of Be ore is concerned, the higher the component of conductive minerals, the smaller the resistivity, which has obvious characteristics of low resistance and high conductivity. Therefore, the minerals composition and resistivity parameter characteristics of Shaliuquan Be (Nb, Ta) deposits is carried out, and the coupling mechanism of rock resistivity is further revealed, it is beneficial to the technical methods and theoretical development of cross - disciplines and metallogenic predicting.