We investigate the ability of fractional-order differentiation (FD) for facial texture representation and present a local descriptor, called the principal patterns of fractional-order differential gradients (PPFDGs), for face recognition. In PPFDG, multiple FD gradient patterns of a face image are obtained utilizing multiorientation FD masks. As a result, each pixel of the face image can be represented as a high-dimensional gradient vector. Then, by employing principal component analysis to the gradient vectors over the centered neighborhood of each pixel, we capture the principal gradient patterns and meanwhile compute the corresponding orientation patterns from which oriented gradient magnitudes are computed. Histogram features are finally extracted from these oriented gradient magnitude patterns as the face representation using local binary patterns. Experimental results on face recognition technology, A.M. Martinez and R. Benavente, Extended Yale B, and labeled faces in the wild face datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
It has proved that fractional differentiation can enhance the edge information and nonlinearly preserve textural detailed information in an image. This paper investigates its ability for face recognition and presents a local descriptor called histograms of fractional differential gradients (HFDG) to extract facial visual features. HFDG encodes a face image into gradient patterns using multiorientation fractional differential masks, from which histograms of gradient directions are computed as the face representation. Experimental results on Yale, face recognition technology (FERET), Carnegie Mellon University pose, illumination, and expression (CMU PIE), and A. Martinez and R. Benavente (AR) databases validate the feasibility of the proposed method and show that HFDG outperforms local binary patterns (LBP), histograms of oriented gradients (HOG), enhanced local directional patterns (ELDP), and Gabor feature-based methods.
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